LATEX LISTS

The Latex lists are used to add any additional packages. There are three types of lists. One is the enumerate list, which produces the numbered list. The second is itemize, which is used for the bulleted lists. The third one is the description list, which is neither bulleted nor numbered. In Latex, each list is defined by the item. Through this method, sub-lists can also be created.

The example for the lists is shown below:

  begin{enumerate}   item first point  item second point  begin{itemize}  item first sub-point  item second sub-point  end{itemize}  item third point  end{enumerate}  

The output of this is shown in the image below:

Latex LISTS

1. Enumerate

It is used to create numbered lists.

The simple code for the enumerate list is given below:

  documentclass{article}  begin{document}  begin{enumerate}  item this is the first point  item this is the second point  end{enumerate}  end{document}  

The output is shown in below image:

Latex LISTS

2. Itemize

It is used to create the unnumbered list. The example is given below:

  documentclass{article}  begin{document}  begin{itemize}  item this is the first point  item this is the second point  end{itemize}  end{document}  

The output is shown in the image given below:

Latex LISTS

3. Description

The description list is least known. It is used when you need to explain terms or notations. The program or code for the Description list is given below:

  documentclass{article}  begin{document}  begin{description}  item[Chemistry] the study of behavior of elements and compounds  item[History] the study of past  item[Geology] the study of the solid Earth  end{description}  end{document}  

The output is shown in the below image:

Latex LISTS

Nested Lists

For all the above lists, Nested Lists are used to create different environments. It also means that it is possible to have a sub-list for an item of a list. The maximum depth for the number of levels is four. The example for the nested list is given below:

  documentclass[12pt]{article}  begin{document}  begin{enumerate}  item One  begin{enumerate}  item First  item Second  item Third  end{enumerate}  item Two  item Three  end{enumerate}  end{document}  

The output is shown in the below image:

Latex LISTS

The numbering styles of the nested lists depends on the depth of the lists. Let-s consider another example:

  documentclass[17pt]{article}  begin{document}  begin{enumerate}  item first is entered  item another item of first  begin{enumerate}  item Second one  item another item of second  begin{enumerate}  item third is entered   item another item of third  begin{enumerate}  item Fourth one  item another item of fourth  end{enumerate}  end{enumerate}  end{enumerate}  end{enumerate}  end{document}  

After writing the above code in Texmaker, the screen will look like the image given below:

Latex LISTS

As already discussed, save the file and then click on the Quick Build option to compile the program. The output is shown in the image given below:

Latex LISTS

You can notice that depending on the depth of the list; the numbered list is adjusted accordingly.

Note: The itemsep command is used to control the spacing between the items. It is only used just after the beginning of the command.

Latex lists are also categorized depending on the order, namely, ordered list and unordered lists. The example of both these lists is given below:

1. Ordered Lists

Latex provides the enumerate environment for the ordered lists. Let-s consider an example. The code written here is used in the Texmaker to produce the output. The example for the ordered list is given below:

  documentclass[12pt]{article}  begin{document}  begin{enumerate}  item First  item Second  item Third  end{enumerate}  end{document}  

The output is shown in the below image:

Latex LISTS

2. Unordered Lists

For Unordered lists, Latex provides the itemize environment. It also works without any additional packages. In the example given below, the code is the same as that of an ordered list, just in place of enumerate, itemize is used.

  documentclass[12pt]{article}  begin{document}  begin{itemize}  item First  item Second  item Third  end{itemize}  end{document}  

The output is shown in the below image:

Latex LISTS

For both the environments, Latex provides the item command, which has to be declared in the beginning.

Changing the bullet and numbering pattern/format of Latex Lists

Sometimes, it becomes necessary to change the bullets and numbering of the lists to use a different format. As we know, for the input of a special character, $ sign is used at the beginning and at the end. The method for both the ordered and unordered list is given below:

Unordered lists

If you change the format from bullets to dash, then the following command is used:

If you change the format from bullets to asterisk, then the following command is used:

If you change the format from bullets to particular character, then the following command is used:

The program to change the bullets is given below:

  documentclass[14pt]{article}  begin{document}  begin{itemize}  item[–] Dash  item[$-$] Dash  item[$ast$] Asterisk  item[$#$] hash character used  end{itemize}  end{document}  

The output of the above code in the Texmaker is given below:

Latex LISTS

Ordered lists

It is a tricky process if you want to change the environment. The easiest step is to use the enumitem environment. This is used with the usepackage command like usepackage{enumitem}.

The code for the following lists is given below:

  documentclass[12pt]{article}  usepackage{enumitem}  begin{document}  begin{enumerate}[label=(alph*)]  item one item  item two item  begin{enumerate}[label=(arabic*)]  item third item  item fourth item  begin{enumerate}[label=(roman*)]  item fifth item  item sixth item  end{enumerate}  end{enumerate}  end{enumerate}  end{document}  

After writing the above program, the Texmaker screen will look like the below image:

Latex LISTS

The output is given below:

Latex LISTS

You can also use enumitem option for unordered list to change the symbol for all items of the list.

Itemize

In this type of lists, the renewcommand is used to change the bullets size at different levels. Let-s understand this by an example. The commands can be used for the formats to replace the bullet points. The example is given below:

  documentclass{article}  begin{document}  renewcommand{labelitemi}{$ast$}  renewcommand{labelitemii}{$cdot$}  renewcommand{labelitemiii}{$diamond$}  begin{itemize}  item this is the first point  begin{itemize}  item this is the second point  begin{itemize}  item this is the third point  end{itemize}  end{itemize}  end{itemize}  end{document}  

The output is shown in the below image:

Latex LISTS

The label commands used at the different levels are:

labelitemi for level 1
labelitemii for level 2
labelitemiii for level 3
labelitemiv for level 4

Numbered list styles

The styles available for the numbered lists are given below:

Code	Description
Alph	Used for the uppercase (A, B, C…)
alph	Used for the lowercase (a, b, c, d….)
roman	For the lowercase roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv…)
Roman	For the uppercase roman numerals (I, II, III, IV…)
arabic	Used for the Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5…)

To change the start number or starting you can use the setcounter for the enumerate type lists. The code for this type is shown in the below example:

  documentclass{article}  begin{document}  renewcommand{labelitemiii}{Roman{enumiii}}  begin{enumerate}  item first item  item first number item  begin{enumerate}  item second item  item second number item  begin{enumerate}  setcounter{enumiii}{6}  item third item  item third number item  end{enumerate}  end{enumerate}  end{enumerate}  end{document}  

After writing the above code, the Texmaker screen will look like the below image:

Latex LISTS

The output is shown in the image given below:

Latex LISTS

Spacing arguments

These commands are used to change the spacing parameters of the list. Depending on the document styles and option, the null{} command commonly used here, will select the default spacings.

The spacing commands, which can be used here, are mentioned below:

itemsep: used for extra vertical spaces between the items
rightmargin: horizontal distance between the right margin and the lists of the environment
leftmargin: horizontal distance between the left margin and the lists of the environment
topsep: extra vertical spaces at the top of the list
labelsep: the separation between the first line of an item and the end of the box containing a label.
labelwidth: the normal width of the box, which contains the label
parsep: the vertical spaces between the paragraphs within the items.
makelabel{label}: used to generate the label, printed by the item command

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Latex Lists

LATEX LISTS

1. Enumerate

2. Itemize

3. Description

Nested Lists

Note: The itemsep command is used to control the spacing between the items. It is only used just after the beginning of the command.

1. Ordered Lists

2. Unordered Lists

Changing the bullet and numbering pattern/format of Latex Lists

Spacing arguments

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