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Difference Between Linux and Ubuntu

Linux Introduction

An OS could be specified as an interface between the computer user and the computer hardware. It is a set of software that manages the tools of the computer hardware and gives basic services for many computer programs.

An operating system (OS) is an essential element of a system software inside a computer system. The main objective of an operating system is to facilitate a platform in which a user can implement any program conveniently and efficiently.

• Besides, Linux OS is a popular standards of the UNIX OS.
• It is integrated to give a low-cost and free operating system for many users of the personal computer system.
• It is remarkably a complete operating system Including an Emacs editor, IP/TCP, X Window System, Graphical User Interface (GUI), etc. It got the reputation as a most efficient and fast fucntioning system.
• Linux is an OS similar just like iOS, Mac OS, and Windows. On the other hand, Android is powered by Linux operating system which is one of the widely used environments in the world.
• An OS is software that manages every hardware resource related to our laptop/desktop.
• The OS maintains the process of communication between our hardware/software to simply implement it.
• Although, when we have to choose a platform to execute servers, embedded, and desktop systems in the world, then Linux is one of the most secure, worry-free, and reliable Oses available.

The Linux OS combines of several distinct pieces. A few of them are explained below:

• Bootloader: It is software that handles our system’s boot process. Simply, it would be a splash screen that occurs and goes away for booting into the operating system eventually.
• Init system: Init can be defined as a sub-system that could bootstrap the user space and is charged using handling daemons. When the booting process is provided by the bootloader, then the init system manages the boot process (i.e., GRand and GRUB Unified Bootloader).
• Kernel: It is a entire piece that is called Linux. It could be specified as the system’s core and it also handles memory, peripheral devices, and CPU. Also, the kernel is the lowest operating system stage.
• Daemons: The daemon is the background services (like sound, scheduling, printing, etc.) that either log into a computer or start-up during booting process.
• Graphical server: It can be defines as a sub-system that represents the graphics over our monitor. It is generally known as X/X server.
• Applications: The desktop platform does not give the complete array of applications. Just like Windows and Mac OS, Linux gives a lots of titles of a superior software that could be detected and installed easily.
  Almost all the modern Linux distributions include App Store-like tools that simplify and centralize the application installation process.
  For example, Ubuntu Linux has the Ubuntu Software Center which permits everyone to detect quickly between the many applications and install them via an individual centralized location.
• Desktop Environment: It is a segment that many users cooperate with actually. There are several desktop platforms to select from (KDE, Xfce, Pantheon, Enlightenment, Cinnamon, Mate, GNOME, etc.). Each desktop environment has various built-in applications like web browsers, configuration tools, games, and file managers.

Applications of Linux Operating System

Nowadays, Linux is a billion-dollar association. Many governments and organizations are using Linux OS in the world because of time, licensing fees, lower money, and affordability.

Linux could be used inside many kinds of electronic devices. These kinds of electronic devices are easily available for all the users worldwide. A few of the popular Linux-based electronic devices are mentioned as follows:

• Yamaha Motive Keyboard
• TiVo Digital Video Recorder
• Volvo In-Car Navigation System
• Sony Reader
• One Laptop Per child XO2
• Sony Bravia Television
• Motorola MotoRokr EM35 phone
• HP Mini 1000
• Lenovo IdeaPad S9
• Google Android Dev Phone 1
• Dell Inspiron Mini 9 and 12
• Garmin Nuvi 860, 880, and 5000

Features of Linux OS

A few of the main features of Linux operating system are mentioned below:

• Portable: Linux OS can perform different types of hardware and the kernel of Linux supports the installation of any type of hardware environment.
• Multiprogramming: Linux OS could be represented as a multiprogramming system. It defines more than one application could execute at a time.
• Open source: Linux operating system source code is existed freely and for integrating the capability of the Linux operating system, many teams are continuing in collaboration.
• Hierarchical file system: Linux OS affords a classical file structure in which files of the user or system are organized.
• Multi-user: Linux operating system can be specified as a multi-user system as well. It defines more than one user can utilize the resources of a system such as memory, application programs, or RAM at a time.
• Shell: Linux OS facilitates a special interpreter program. This kind of program could be implemented for running commands of the OS. It can be utilized for performing many types of actions such as call application programs and others.
• Security: Linux OS provides user security systems with the help of many features of authentication like controlled access to password protection, specific files, or data encryption.

Installation of Linux

The plan to install an OS might seem like a tedious operation for many people. Linux gives the easiest installations process of every operating system. Almost all the Linux standards give Live distribution. It defibes we execute the operating system by either a USB or CD/DVD flash drive without making any modifications to the hard drive.

We could also get a complete functionality without promissing to the installation. Simply, we double-click over the install button and proceed with the basic installation wizard when we have tried it out and decided we wanted to use it.

The wizards of the installation process typically walk us by the procedure with the below mentioned steps:

• Preparation: Make sure the machine meets the requirements of the installation process. It may confirm us when we wish to install a third-party software (like plugins for MP3 playback, video codecs, and others).
• Hard drive allocation: It is an essential step that permits us to choose how we wish the operating system to be installed. If we wish to install Linux beside another operating system (known as “dual-booting”), we can use the hard drive entirely, install it over the available Linux version, or upgrade the available Linux installation.
• Location: Choose our location using the map.
• Wireless setup (if essential): If we are using a wireless laptop (or a machine), we will need to link to a network for downloading a third-party update and software.
• User setup: Setting up the password as well as the username.
• Keyboard layout: Choose the keyboard for the system.

That’s it when our system has completed the installation process, we just need to restart our system, and we are good to go.

Introduction to Ubuntu

Ubuntu can be defined as a complete OS. It is freely available along with both professional and community support. The community of Ubuntu is created on the ideas preserved within the Ubuntu Manifesto.

It is designed for Network servers, smartphones, and computers. This system is designed by a UK-based organization which is known as Canonical Ltd.

Every principle used for developing the Ubuntu software is working according to the open-source software development principles.

Ubuntu is applicable for both server and desktop use.

The Ubuntu release (current) supports Intel x86, ARMv8, ARMv7, AMD64, IBM POWER9/POWER8, and IBM Z zEC12/zEC13/z14.

Ubuntu contains thousands of software pieces, beginning with the GNOME 3.28 and Linux kernel 5.4 version.

They are covering all standard desktop applications through spreadsheet and word processing applications to web server software, programming tools and languages, email software, Internet access applications, and of course various games.

Installation of Ubuntu

The system needs change between Ubuntu products. A PC with a 4GB of RAM, 2 GHz dual-core processor, and 25GB of free disk space is recommended for the Ubuntu 20.0 4 LTS desktop release.

There are many other distributions such as Xubuntu and kubuntu far less strong computers.

Ubuntu provides support for the architecture of ARM. Also, it exists on the Power ISA during the earlier architecture of PowerPC was at an individual point supported unofficially, and now new CPUs of Power ISA are supported.

• Live images are the typical way for several users for accessing and installing Ubuntu subsequently. These could be downloaded as the disk images and subsequently burnt to the DVD and booted.
• The installation of a USB flash drive could additionally be applied for booting Ubuntu and Kubuntu in a style that permits permanent storage of user settings and a USB-installed system’s portability among many physical machines.
• The Live USB Creator of Ubuntu could be used for installing Ubuntu OS over a USB drive in newer versions of Ubuntu (without or with the live DVD or CD).
• Making a bootable USB drive along with persistence is as easy as dragging any slider for determining how much capacity to reserve for endurance. Ubuntu uses Casper for this.
• The desktop edition could also be installed with the Netboot image which utilizes a Debian-installer and permits specialist installations of Ubuntu: upgrading from earlier installations without using network access, fixing up automated deployments, RAID, or LVM partitioning, installs over systems along with 256 MB of RAM.

Ubuntu vs. Linux

S.NO.	Comaprison Basis	Ubuntu	Linux
1.	Distribution	It is one of the distro based on the Linux kernel.	It has various distros based on the Linux kernel.
2.	Ease of Use	It is a more user-friendly and desktop-based distro.	Its command-line is challenging for any home user.
3.	Variation	In Ubuntu, the varieties of desktop-based, core, and server are available.	In Linux, varieties of embedded-based and servers are available.
4.	Robust	Hardly, it crashes if any element misbehaves.	It is a Unix-like architecture. It facilitates more robustness.
5.	Security	It is one of the most secure OS.	It outshines all other competitors if it comes to security.
6.	Flexibility	It is more flexible because it is based on the Linux kernel.	In Linux, components are replaceable easily.
7.	Reliability	It would not bog down after several usages which makes it more reliable.	It is highly reliable which makes it sale-worthy between businesses.
8.	Forum Support	In Ubuntu, the support of forum still requires to be developed than other distributions of Linux.	In Linux, the support of the forum is receptive.
9.	Release	It was initially published in 2004.	It was initially published in 1991.
10.	Usage	It is used for IoT, servers, cloud computing, and personal computers.	It is used for servers, desktops, embedded systems, game consoles, and personal computers.
11.	Developer	It was published by Canonical Ltd. Also, the community of Ubuntu supports the development.	It was initially published by Linus Torvalds. Also, the community of Linux supports OS development.
12.	Type of OS	It is a distro of Linux.	It is a core operating system.
13.	Beginner Friendly	It is more beginner-friendly.	It is less beginner-friendly.
14.	Navigation	Ubuntu is intuitive and easy for end-users.	Navigation among many Linux distros can be a challenge for office and home users.

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