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Pig Latin

The Pig Latin is a data flow language used by Apache Pig to analyze the data in Hadoop. It is a textual language that abstracts the programming from the Java MapReduce idiom into a notation.

Pig Latin Statements

The Pig Latin statements are used to process the data. It is an operator that accepts a relation as an input and generates another relation as an output.

• It can span multiple lines.
• Each statement must end with a semi-colon.
• It may include expression and schemas.
• By default, these statements are processed using multi-query execution

Pig Latin Conventions

Convention	Description
( )	The parenthesis can enclose one or more items. It can also be used to indicate the tuple data type. Example – (10, xyz, (3,6,9))
[ ]	The straight brackets can enclose one or more items. It can also be used to indicate the map data type. Example – [INNER | OUTER]
{ }	The curly brackets enclose two or more items. It can also be used to indicate the bag data type Example – { block | nested_block }
…	The horizontal ellipsis points indicate that you can repeat a portion of the code. Example – cat path [path …]

Latin Data Types

Simple Data Types

Type	Description
int	It defines the signed 32-bit integer. Example – 2
long	It defines the signed 64-bit integer. Example – 2L or 2l
float	It defines 32-bit floating point number. Example – 2.5F or 2.5f or 2.5e2f or 2.5.E2F
double	It defines 64-bit floating point number. Example – 2.5 or 2.5 or 2.5e2f or 2.5.E2F
chararray	It defines character array in Unicode UTF-8 format. Example – tutoraspire
bytearray	It defines the byte array.
boolean	It defines the boolean type values. Example – true/false
datetime	It defines the values in datetime order. Example – 1970-01- 01T00:00:00.000+00:00
biginteger	It defines Java BigInteger values. Example – 5000000000000
bigdecimal	It defines Java BigDecimal values. Example – 52.232344535345

Complex Types

Type	Description
tuple	It defines an ordered set of fields. Example – (15,12)
bag	It defines a collection of tuples. Example – {(15,12), (12,15)}
map	It defines a set of key-value pairs. Example – [open#apache]