Python dir() Function
Python dir() function returns the list of names in the current local scope. If the object on which method is called has a method named __dir__(), this method will be called and must return the list of attributes. It takes a single object type argument. The signature of the function is given below.
Signature
Parameters
object: It takes an optional parameter.
Return
It returns a list of valid attributes of the object.
Let’s see some examples of dir() function to understand it’s functionality.
Python dir() Function Example 1
Let’s create a simple example to get a list of valid attributes. It takes a single parameter which is optional.
Output:
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__']
Python dir() Function Example 2
If we pass a parameter to this function, it returns attributes related to that object. See an example below.
Output:
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'count', 'index']
Python dir() Function Example 3
Output:
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__']
Python dir() Function Example 4
If dir() function is already defined in the object, the function will be called.
Output:
[10, 20, 30]