How to Sort a Data Frame by Column in R (With Examples)

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The easiest way to sort a data frame by a column in R is to use the order() function:

#sort ascending
df[order(df$var1), ]

#sort descending
df[order(-df$var1), ]

This tutorial provides several examples of how to use this function in practice with the following data frame:

#create data frame
df frame(var1=c(1, 3, 3, 4, 5),
                 var2=c(7, 7, 8, 3, 2),
                 var3=letters[1:5])

#view data frame
df

  var1 var2 var3
1    1    7    a
2    3    7    b
3    3    8    c
4    4    3    d
5    5    2    e

Example 1: Sort by One Column

The following code shows how to sort the data frame by the var1 column, both in an ascending and descending manner:

#sort by var1 ascending
df[order(df$var1), ]

  var1 var2 var3
1    1    7    a
2    3    7    b
3    3    8    c
4    4    3    d
5    5    2    e

#sort by var1 descending
df[order(-df$var1), ]

  var1 var2 var3
5    5    2    e
4    4    3    d
2    3    7    b
3    3    8    c
1    1    7    a

Note that we can also sort by a character vector alphabetically:

#sort by var3 ascending
df[order(df$var3), ]

  var1 var2 var3
1    1    7    a
2    3    7    b
3    3    8    c
4    4    3    d
5    5    2    e

Example 2: Sort by Multiple Columns

The following code shows how to sort the data frame by multiple columns:

#sort by var2 ascending, then var1 ascending
df[order(df$var2, df$var1), ]

  var1 var2 var3
5    5    2    e
4    4    3    d
1    1    7    a
2    3    7    b
3    3    8    c

#sort by var2 ascending, then var1 descending
df[order(df$var2, -df$var1), ]

  var1 var2 var3
5    5    2    e
4    4    3    d
2    3    7    b
1    1    7    a
3    3    8    c

Additional Resources

How to Add a Column to a Data Frame in R
How to Sort a Data Frame by Date in R
How to Convert Character to Numeric in R